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alt="包裝印刷危廢處理" /><br /> </td> <td> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, ""><span style="font-size:14px;color:#000000;">篩查危險廢物的種類(lèi)、性質(zhì)和數量對于確定危險廢物的綜合利用方式、處置</span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, ""><span style="font-size:14px;color:#000000;"><br /> </span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, ""><span style="font-size:14px;color:#000000;">方式和處置規模十分重要，也是保障危險廢物處置設施有效運轉的必要前</span> </span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, ""><span style="font-size:14px;color:#000000;"><br /> </span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, ""><span style="font-size:14px;color:#000000;">提。本文結合印刷工藝的發(fā)展現狀和特點(diǎn)，系統分析了印刷行業(yè)危險廢物的</span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, ""><span style="font-size:14px;color:#000000;"><br /> </span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, ""><span style="font-size:14px;color:#000000;">產(chǎn)生節點(diǎn)及污染特性。 </span> </span> </blockquote> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </p> <p> <br /> </p> <p style="text-align:center;"> <strong><span style="color:#009900;font-size:24px;font-family:"">印刷行業(yè)的工藝特點(diǎn)</span></strong> </p> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;">1.印刷工藝</span> </span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;"> 印刷品的加工過(guò)程包括印前服務(wù)設計、印刷和印后加工。印前服務(wù)設計是指由原稿制成數字文件或印版；印刷是指將圖文信息由印版或數字文件轉移到承印物表面；印后加工是指使印刷品獲得所要求的形狀和使用性能，如加工成冊或制成包裝盒等。</span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;"> 1.1 傳統印刷</span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;"> 傳統印刷按印刷版式的不同可分為平版印刷、凸版印刷、凹版印刷和孔版印刷。平版印刷是利用水墨相斥的原理完成印刷的，目前膠印工藝被廣泛使用。膠印使用的印版是預涂感光版（PS版）。凸版印刷的印版目前主要有鋁合金、鉛合金、銅版、鋅版、塑料版等，但由于鉛字、鉛合金印版有毒，凸版印刷曾一度衰落。隨著(zhù)柔性版印刷的出現，凸版印刷再度崛起。柔性版采用諸如橡膠凸版、感光性樹(shù)脂版等彈性固體制成的凸版。</span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;">1.2 數字印刷</span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <p> <span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;"> 數字印刷指的是使用數據文件控制相應設備，將呈色劑/色料（如油墨）直接轉移到承印物上的復制過(guò)程。數字印刷系統主要是由印前系統和數字印刷機組成，有些系統還配上裝訂和裁切設備。 </span></span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, ""><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;">1.3 </span><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;">絲印</span></span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;"> 絲印技術(shù)是絲網(wǎng)印刷技術(shù)，它的意思就是基于絲網(wǎng)，然后通過(guò)感光制版方法，制成帶有圖文的絲網(wǎng)印版。要想進(jìn)行絲網(wǎng)印刷，技術(shù)是五大要素，分別是絲網(wǎng)印版、刮板、油墨、印刷臺以及承印物。絲印會(huì )產(chǎn)生油漆，油墨的清洗廢水，洗版廢水，廢空容器，廢抹布等</span><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;">。</span></span> </p> <p> <br /> </p> <p style="text-align:center;"> <strong><span style="color:#009900;font-size:24px;font-family:"">印刷工藝危險廢物產(chǎn)生節點(diǎn)分析</span></strong> </p> <p style="text-align:center;"> <br /> </p> <span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;"> 印刷行業(yè)產(chǎn)生的危險廢物主要來(lái)源于印前工藝和印刷兩個(gè)工段。</span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "line-height:2;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:14px;color:#000000;line-height:2;"> 2.1 印前工藝產(chǎn)生的危險廢物</span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;"> 印前工藝產(chǎn)生的危險廢物包括感光材料廢物、表面處理廢物、精餾殘渣和有機樹(shù)脂類(lèi)廢物等。 </span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, ""><span style="font-size:14px;color:#000000;line-height:2;"> 2.1.1 感光材料廢物</span> </span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:"font-size:14px;color:#000000;"><br /> </span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:"font-size:14px;color:#000000;"> <table style="width:100%;" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1" bordercolor="#009900"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"> <img src="/uploads/202005/5ed079a55fdfb.jpg" title="感光材料危廢處理" alt="感光材料危廢處理" /><br /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> <img src="/uploads/202005/5ed079bba0683.jpg" title="感光材料危廢處理" alt="感光材料危廢處理" /><br /> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br /> </span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;"> 不同的印刷工藝采用的印前工藝是大有區別的。就傳統印刷而言，膠印、柔印采用的是類(lèi)似的傳統印前工藝?！约す庹张艡C為代表的傳統印前流程，—由激光照排機輸出膠片、膠片沖洗、曬版構成，產(chǎn)生的危險廢物包括廢膠片、膠片沖洗過(guò)程中的廢顯影液和廢定影液、曬版過(guò)程中的廢顯影液，均屬于《國家危險廢物名錄》中HW16“感光材料廢物”。目前，以直接制版（Computer toPlate，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)CTP）為代表的數字化印前流程已經(jīng)開(kāi)始替代以激光照排機為代表的傳統流程，CTP在制版時(shí)間上比傳統制版快30min以上，在我國報業(yè)印刷領(lǐng)域率先獲得應用（采用膠?。?，但在柔印領(lǐng)域尚未獲得實(shí)際應用。CTP制版過(guò)程無(wú)需輸出膠片，從而僅僅在曬版過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生廢顯影液。</span></span> </span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;"> 絲印工藝的印刷品由于幅面大（可達3m×4m），其膠片可以通過(guò)大型打印機輸出，不再需要膠片沖洗過(guò)程。但在曬版之前需要在絲網(wǎng)表面涂覆感光膠，曬版后則采用清水沖洗來(lái)完成顯影過(guò)程，這樣，會(huì )有少量的感光膠進(jìn)入液相。</span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;"> 數字印刷機包括墨粉類(lèi)數字印刷機和噴墨印刷機。與傳統印刷相比，數字印刷無(wú)需制版，是由感光材料制成的印刷滾筒（無(wú)印版）經(jīng)感光后形成可以吸附油墨或墨粉的圖文，然后轉印到紙張等承印物上。墨粉類(lèi)數字印刷機在使用過(guò)程中，會(huì )產(chǎn)生廢感光鼓，屬于感光材料廢物。噴墨印刷機不產(chǎn)生感光材料廢物。</span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;"> 綜上所述，在膠印、柔印、絲印及墨粉類(lèi)數字印刷機印前工藝中，均會(huì )產(chǎn)生感光材料廢物，只是，對于不同的工藝，產(chǎn)生的危險廢物種類(lèi)和特性是有差異的。 </span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, ""><span style="font-size:14px;color:#000000;line-height:2;"> 2.1.2 表面處理廢物</span> </span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:"font-size:14px;color:#000000;"><br /> </span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:"font-size:14px;color:#000000;"> <table style="width:100%;" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1" bordercolor="#009900"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"> <img src="/uploads/202005/5ed079d2332f2.jpg" title="表面處理危廢處理" alt="表面處理危廢處理" /><br /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> <img src="/uploads/202010/5f8e8e77b5b22.jpg" width="400" height="300" title="表面處理危廢處理" alt="表面處理危廢處理" /><br /> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br /> </span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;"> 凹印工藝的制版目前仍然以電子雕刻為主，是通過(guò)電子雕刻機直接對凹版滾筒進(jìn)行雕刻而完成的。電子雕刻凹版的版輥為鋼材，其表面電鍍鎳、銅后再用來(lái)進(jìn)行雕刻。電鍍過(guò)程產(chǎn)生的電鍍殘渣及槽液屬于《國家危險廢物名錄》中HW17“表面處理廢物”。 </span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "line-height:2;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:14px;color:#000000;line-height:2;"> 2.1.3 精餾殘渣</span> </span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;"> 在膠印制版、柔印制版及CTP制版過(guò)程中，均需要顯影液對版基表面的感光涂層進(jìn)行顯影。對于不同的印刷工藝而言，制版過(guò)程所需要的顯影液成分是有差異的，該顯影液在組成上也有別于膠片顯影過(guò)程的顯影液成分。顯影液經(jīng)多次顯影后，顯影液中的有效成分不斷被消耗，加上不斷溶入顯影液中的感光層的作用，顯影液的顯影能力越來(lái)越弱，顯影液出現了老化現象，以致于不能滿(mǎn)足顯影要求，應計量補充和更換新液。</span></span><br /> <span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;"> 目前只有柔印工藝的曬版過(guò)程產(chǎn)生的廢顯影液得到了循環(huán)利用，對廢有機溶劑蒸餾、冷凝后獲得再生，產(chǎn)生的危險廢物屬于《國家危險廢物名錄》中HW11“精（蒸）餾殘渣”。 </span> </span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "line-height:2;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:14px;color:#000000;line-height:2;"> 2.1.4 廢印版產(chǎn)生情況和污染特性分析</span> </span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;"> 廢印版是完成印刷過(guò)程后的廢棄印版，主要包括膠印工藝的PS版、CTP制版工藝中的廢版、柔性版印刷工藝的柔性版和絲網(wǎng)印刷工藝的廢絲網(wǎng)印版。</span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "line-height:2;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:14px;color:#000000;line-height:2;"> （1）膠印</span> </span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;"> PS版的版基大多數為鋁材，印刷完成后，PS版成為廢版 [2]。PS版表面涂敷的感光材料層屬于危險廢物。CTP制版工藝中的廢版版基為鋁材，同樣涉及版基上感光材料涂層的污染問(wèn)題。廢PS版、廢CTP版由于其表面的感光層很薄，未能整體上作為危險廢物進(jìn)行處理，只作為廢鋁進(jìn)行再利用，或將表面涂層清洗后再涂覆新的感光層獲得再利用。</span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "line-height:2;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:14px;color:#000000;line-height:2;"> （2）柔印</span> </span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;"> 柔性版制版工藝流程為原稿→菲林（陰片）→曝光→沖洗→烘干→后處理。柔性制版機集曝光、洗版、干燥、后處理四種工藝于一體。柔性版由聚酯基底、光聚合物、保護層等構成，曝光時(shí)需要進(jìn)行背曝光（紫外光線(xiàn)從聚酯基底方向曝光約1min，形成約1mm厚的硬化底層）、主曝光（紫外光線(xiàn)從負片正面曝光約10min，光聚合物產(chǎn)生光化學(xué)反應，形成圖文部分）。之后，使用酒精溶劑，用尼龍刷子沖洗未感光部分，保留光聚合的浮雕。常見(jiàn)的版材厚度為1.70mm及2.29mm。質(zhì)量高的柔性版其耐印率應大于50萬(wàn)印，甚至高達100萬(wàn)印。廢柔性版屬于《國家危險廢物名錄》HW13“有機樹(shù)脂類(lèi)廢物”。在實(shí)際工作中，少量的廢柔版往往被混入感光材料廢物一并交到危險廢物處置單位進(jìn)行處置。</span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "line-height:2;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:14px;color:#000000;line-height:2;"> （3）絲印</span> </span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span> <p> <span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;"> 對絲網(wǎng)印刷來(lái)說(shuō)，制版時(shí)在絲網(wǎng)上涂布一定厚度的感光膠并干燥，在絲網(wǎng)上形成感光膜，然后將底片與涂布好的絲網(wǎng)貼合放入曬版機曝光，經(jīng)自來(lái)水沖洗后顯影，圖文部分未固化的感光材料被沖洗掉，使絲網(wǎng)孔為通孔；非圖文部分的感光材料固化堵住網(wǎng)孔。目前常用的絲網(wǎng)種類(lèi)有尼龍（又稱(chēng)錦綸）和聚酯（又稱(chēng)滌綸）。聚酯類(lèi)廢絲網(wǎng)版屬于《國家危險廢物名錄》中HW13“有機樹(shù)脂類(lèi)廢物”。聚酯類(lèi)絲網(wǎng)版完成印刷后，可用水清洗干凈后循環(huán)利用，可重復使用數十次乃至上百次，由此，廢聚酯類(lèi)絲網(wǎng)版產(chǎn)生量很少。 </span></span> </p> <p> <br /> </p> <span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "line-height:2;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:14px;color:#000000;line-height:2;"> 2.2 印刷過(guò)程產(chǎn)生的危險廢物 </span> </span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, ""><span style="font-size:14px;color:#000000;line-height:2;"> 2.2.1 染料、涂料廢物</span> </span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"> <table style="width:100%;" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1" bordercolor="#009900"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"> <img src="/uploads/202005/5ed07a0b8ef6d.jpg" title="染料涂料危廢處理" alt="染料涂料危廢處理" /><br /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> <img src="/uploads/202005/5ed07a39f3672.jpg" title="染料涂料危廢處理" alt="染料涂料危廢處理" /><br /> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br /> </span></span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;"> 目前我國傳統印刷行業(yè)中廣泛使用的還是傳統的溶劑型油墨。廢油墨屬于《國家危險廢物名錄》中HW12“染料、涂料廢物”。</span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;"> 傳統印刷油墨包括下列3種基本成分：</span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:14px;color:#000000;line-height:2;"> （1）成色劑（HW12類(lèi)危廢）；</span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <br /> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;"> 是精細固體粒子的顏料，顏料有透明度、不透明度、光緊度和化學(xué)阻力等特性。</span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:14px;color:#000000;line-height:2;"> （2）連結料（載體）（HW08、HW13類(lèi)危廢）；</span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;"> 連結料由樹(shù)脂、干性植物油、礦物油、烴類(lèi)、芳香族類(lèi)、烯烴、石蠟烴等組成，屬液體材料。它的作用是在印刷過(guò)程中承載顏料粒子，并在轉移到紙張或承載材料上后，在承載材料和顏料粒子間起到連結的作用。溶劑油墨中的樹(shù)脂連結料用有機溶劑如醇、酯、酮、苯類(lèi)。</span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:14px;color:#000000;line-height:2;"> （3）添加劑<span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;line-height:2;white-space:normal;">（HW06類(lèi)危廢）；</span></span> </span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;"> 包括撒淡劑、干燥劑、塑性材料、乳化劑和一些特殊的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，其作用是改變油墨的印刷適性，如粘度、粘性、干燥性等，或達到所要求的印刷質(zhì)量特征。另外，添加劑有助于忽略對象耐磨性這樣的規范特征的要求。廢油墨來(lái)源于印刷過(guò)程，污染途徑有：當油墨放進(jìn)印刷機時(shí)，油墨會(huì )經(jīng)過(guò)很多不同的滾筒分散并轉移到滾筒上，墨斗亦要預留一定的油墨量以穩定供墨，也即印刷機自身會(huì )形成廢墨；在機頭測試印刷效果時(shí)形成的廢印刷產(chǎn)品上涂敷大面積油墨，處理不當可能會(huì )形成二次污染；不同種類(lèi)、顏色的油墨混合形成廢油墨；油墨使用過(guò)程中因為溫度、濕度等條件的變化在長(cháng)時(shí)間使用后會(huì )造成印刷適性變差，形成廢油墨；油墨殘留附著(zhù)在油墨桶內壁，廢油墨桶被油墨生產(chǎn)廠(chǎng)家回收后處置，不會(huì )產(chǎn)生二次污染；若廢油墨桶進(jìn)入生活垃圾，會(huì )形成潛在的二次污染；油墨殘留在印版表面，進(jìn)入印版回收處理工序，有可能造成二次污染。</span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;"> 數字印刷中產(chǎn)生的廢硒鼓、廢墨盒屬于《國家危險廢物名錄》中HW12“染料、涂料廢物”。據調查，每只廢舊墨盒中殘留著(zhù)10%～40%的墨水；硒鼓中的墨粉是2～4微米的微塵。廢硒鼓、廢墨盒屬于數字印刷中的耗材，可謂量大面廣，且產(chǎn)生量遞增速度極快，但其對環(huán)境的污染目前尚未得到重視。此外，還有廢油墨空瓶（HW49）等危廢產(chǎn)生；</span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, ""><span style="font-size:14px;color:#000000;line-height:2;"> 2.2.2 廢礦物油</span> </span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"> <table style="width:100%;" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1" bordercolor="#009900"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"> <img src="/uploads/202005/5ed07a574730e.jpg" title="廢礦物油危廢處理" alt="廢礦物油危廢處理" /><br /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> <img src="/uploads/202005/5ed07a71552de.jpg" title="廢礦物油危廢處理" alt="廢礦物油危廢處理" /><br /> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br /> <br /> </span></span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;"> 在膠印PS版的清洗過(guò)程中，汽油和煤油因為清洗效果較好、價(jià)格低廉仍然獲得廣泛應用，因而產(chǎn)生了廢汽油和廢煤油。隨著(zhù)汽油、煤油為洗車(chē)水取代，廢礦物油的產(chǎn)生量將會(huì )越來(lái)越少。另外，在印刷設備維修、維護過(guò)程中，也會(huì )產(chǎn)生一定量的廢礦物油。廢汽油和廢煤油屬于《國家危險廢物名錄》中HW08“廢礦物油"。 </span> </span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "line-height:2;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:14px;color:#000000;line-height:2;"> 2.2.3 廢有機溶劑</span> </span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;"> 印刷行業(yè)中使用的有機溶劑種類(lèi)很多，如印版清洗劑、油墨清洗劑、橡皮布清洗劑、油性上光材料、潤版液等，在使用過(guò)程中會(huì )產(chǎn)生少量的廢有機溶劑，屬于《國家危險廢物名錄》中HW06“廢有機溶劑”。膠印是利用油水不相容的原理來(lái)完成印刷的，膠印過(guò)程中所用到的水稱(chēng)為潤版液。潤版液通常是由水、磷酸、無(wú)機鹽、親水膠體以及表面活性物質(zhì)組成。目前膠印機上普遍采用的是酒精潤版系統，異丙醇（IPA）是潤版溶液的添加劑之一。另外，凹版印刷工藝中含苯、甲苯、二甲苯的廢印版清洗劑、擦拭印版的廢抹布等均屬于HW49危廢。</span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'微軟雅黑, font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'微軟雅黑, font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:14px;">2.2.4 洗版廢水<br /> </span></span> <p> <span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;"> 清洗印刷傳統方法是用有機溶劑清洗，由CFC—113與少量乙醇（或異丙醇）組成的混合有機溶劑對松香助焊劑的殘留物有很好的清洗能力，但由于CFC—113對大氣臭氧層有破壞作用，2013年已被禁止使用，可選用的非ODS清洗工藝包括水基清洗、半水基清洗、溶劑清洗。</span></span> </p> <p style="text-align:center;"> <strong><span style="color:#009900;font-size:24px;font-family:"">印刷危廢的處置</span></strong> </p> <p> <br /> </p> <span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;"> 印刷行業(yè)產(chǎn)生的危險廢物主要來(lái)源于印前工藝和印刷過(guò)程，主要有感光材料廢物、染料涂料廢物、表面處理廢物、精餾殘渣、有機樹(shù)脂類(lèi)廢物、廢有機溶劑、廢礦物油等。</span></span> </blockquote> <blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px;"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei';"><span style="font-size:14px;"><br /> </span></span><span style="font-family:"font-size:14px;color:#000000;"> <span style="font-size:14px;white-space:normal;font-family:"line-height:2;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑, "font-size:14px;"><span style="color:#000000;font-size:14px;">印刷工業(yè)是近年來(lái)發(fā)展速度較快的都市產(chǎn)業(yè)之一，且隨著(zhù)人們消費水平的提高和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平的上升還有較大的發(fā)展空間。為此，必須重視印刷行業(yè)危險廢物的管理和處置。我國危險廢物的管理已實(shí)行“從搖籃到墳墓”的全過(guò)程管理，所以印刷行業(yè)應首先從企業(yè)自身管理出發(fā)重視對危險廢物的管理。</span></span> </blockquote> </div> <div id="p7eysll" class="page-show-box"> <dt>方案優(yōu)勢</dt> <div style="text-align:center;"> <img src="/uploads/202011/5fae31290b306.jpg" width="900" height="449" title="沃藤環(huán)保優(yōu)勢" alt="沃藤環(huán)保優(yōu)勢" /><br /> </div> </div> <div id="hgnd353" class="page-show-box"> <dt>服務(wù)流程</dt> <div style="text-align:center;"> <img src="/uploads/202106/60c037401b702.jpg" alt="" /><br /> </div> </div> <div id="d3dvddd" class="page-show-box"> <dt>成功案例</dt> <div id="rkj7pu5" class="rela-case"> <ul> <li><a 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